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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdem | om kraχmalaŋde |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdet | ot kraχmalaŋde |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋda | ok/ogeš kraχmalaŋde |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdena | ona/ogə̑na kraχmalaŋde |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdeda | oda/ogə̑da kraχmalaŋde |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdat | ogə̑t kraχmalaŋde |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šə̑m | šə̑m kraχmalaŋde |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kraχmalaŋde |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑š | ə̑š kraχmalaŋde |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šna | ə̑šna kraχmalaŋde |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šda | ə̑šda kraχmalaŋde |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑št | ə̑št kraχmalaŋde |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdenam | kraχmalaŋden omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdenat | kraχmalaŋden otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋden | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdenna | kraχmalaŋden onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdenda | kraχmalaŋden odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdenə̑t | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdem ə̑l'e | om kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdet ə̑l'e | ot kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋda ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdem ulmaš | om kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdet ulmaš | ot kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋda ulmaš | ok/ogeš kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdat ulmaš | ogə̑t kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdenam ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdenat ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋden ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdenna ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdenda ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋden ə̑l'e | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdenam ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdenat ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋden ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdenna ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdenda ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋden ulmaš | kraχmalaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋde | it kraχmalaŋde |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑že | ə̑nže kraχmalaŋde |
| 1PL: | (kraχmalaŋdena) | (ona/ogə̑na kraχmalaŋde) |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑za | ida kraχmalaŋde |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kraχmalaŋde |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nem | ə̑nem kraχmalaŋde |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑net | ə̑net kraχmalaŋde |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neže | ə̑než kraχmalaŋde |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nena | ə̑nena kraχmalaŋde |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neda | ə̑neda kraχmalaŋde |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nešt | ə̑nešt kraχmalaŋde |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kraχmalaŋde ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kraχmalaŋdə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kraχmalaŋde ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kraχmalaŋdaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kraχmalaŋdə̑man |
| Active participle: | kraχmalaŋdə̑še |
| Passive participle: | kraχmalaŋdə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | kraχmalaŋdə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kraχmalaŋden |
| Negative gerund: | kraχmalaŋdə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | kraχmalaŋdə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kraχmalaŋdə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kraχmalaŋdə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kraχmalaŋdə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | kraχmalaŋdə̑də̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||